دانشمندان در تحقیق جدید متوجه شدهاند که پرتاب موشک میتواند اثرات نامطلوبی بر استراتوسفر زمین که یکی از لایههایی جوی بالایی آن است داشته باشد و فلزات را به آن وارد کند.
در طول چند سال گذشته، شرکتها و کشورهای زیادی ماهوارهها و فضاپیماهای خود را به مدار زمین پرتاب کردهاند. اکنون تیمی از محققان «دانشگاه پردو» با کمک هواپیماهای تحقیقاتی موفق شدهاند تا نمونههایی را از این لایه جوی جمعآوری کنند. آنها میزان قابلتوجهی از فلزات را در ذرات معلق هوا شناسایی کردهاند که احتمالاً بهدلیل افزایش پرتاب فضاپیماها و ماهوارهها به وجود آمده است.
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/rocket-1024x549.jpg)
«دن سیزو»، یکی از نویسندگان مطالعه توضیح میدهد:
«ما این ماده ساختهشده توسط انسان را در منطقهای بکر ا جو شناسایی کردهایم. و اگر چیزی در استراتوسفر – منطقه پایدار جو – در حال تغییر است، باید نگاه دقیقتری به آن داشته باشیم.»
اندازهگیری فلزات لایه استراتوسفر زمین
موشکهایی که به سمت مدار زمین پرتاب میشوند، بقایایی از فلزات را به جا میگذارند که میتواند جو را به روشی که دانشمندان هنوز در حال تحقیق درباره آن هستند، تحت تأثیر قرار دهد.
برای انجام این مطالعه که در ژورنال علمی Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences منتشر شده است، محققان از یک هواپیمای WB-57 برای جمعآوری نمونههای جوی در 19 کیلومتری بالای آلاسکا و منطقهای که بهدلیل تشکیل ابرهای دورِقطبی معروف است، استفاده کردند.
علاوه بر این، آنها از ابزارهای نصبشده روی یک فروند هواپیمای ER-2 نیز برای اندازهگیریهای خود کمک گرفتند.
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
![](https://static.digiato.com/digiato/2023/10/satelite-1024x567.jpg)
دادهها ارائهشده حضور بیش از 20 عنصر در این منطقه از جو را نشان میدهد که نسبت آنها شباهت زیادی به چیزی که در آلیاژهای فضاپیماها استفاده میشود، دارد. طبق این مطالعه، میزان لیتیوم، آلومینیوم، مس و سربی که با ورود مجدد فضاپیماها وارد جو شده است، بهطور قابلتوجهی از سطح این فلزات موجود در گردوغبار کیهانی طبیعی بسیار بیشتر است.
پیشبینی میشود که تا سال 2030 حداکثر 50 هزار ماهواره دیگر در مدار قرار بگیرند. طبق تخمینهای این تیم تحقیقاتی، انتظار میرود که تقریباً نیمی از ذرات اسید سولفوریک استراتوسفر در دهههای آینده حاوی فلزات ناشی از ورود مجدد فضاپیما باشد.